Artificial Intelligence s Reproduction of Big Data Based Race and Ethnicity Discrimination An Evaluation via Google Search Engine — Ebru Yarkın

İÇİNDEKİLER 1 INTRODUCTION 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF BIG DATA AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2 1 Big Data Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 2 1 1 The Concept of Big Data and its Elements Understanding Big Data From Information to Data 2 1 2 Artificial Intelligence and its History Digital Brain Born Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence Networks 2 1 2 1 Structural Model of Artificial Neural Networks 2 1 2 2 Artificial Neural Networks by Structural Characteristics 2 1 2 3 Fundamental Elements of Artificial Neural Networks 2 1 3 Machine Learning 2 1 3 1 Deep Learning 2 1 3 2 Natural Language Processing 2 1 4 The Relationship between Big Data Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 2 2 Mass Media and Artificial Intelligence Systems in Digital Transformation 2 2 1 Mass Media Big Data and Artificial Intelligence 2 2 2 Google Search Engine The Relationship with Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Systems 2 2 2 1 The Operating Principle of a Search Engine 2 2 2 2 Google s Business Case with Big Data 3 DIGITAL SURVEILLANCE AND ETHICS 3 1 Surveillance and Digital Surveillance 3 1 1 Conceptual Framework 3 1 2 From Panopticon to Banopticon 3 1 3 Big Data Surveillance Google s Superpanopticon 3 1 4 The Ethical Challenges of Digital Surveillance with Big Data 3 2 Ethics A Comparative Study 3 2 1 Conceptual Framework 3 2 2 Ethical Approaches Normative Theories 3 2 2 1 Teleological ethics Consequentialism 3 2 2 2 Deontological Ethics Duty Ethics 3 2 2 3 Virtue Ethics Character Based Ethics 3 2 3 Universal Morality and Social Structure Perspectives of Kant and Marx 3 2 3 1 Universal Moral Perspective from Kantian Point of View 3 2 3 2 Historical aMaterialism Approach from Marxist Point of View and Ideology as the Visibility of Reality 3 2 3 3 Marx s Conception of Freedom A Perspective Different from Kant s Paradigm 3 2 3 4 Marx s Materialist Ethics Against Kant s Universalist Ethics 3 3 The Responsibility of Artificial Intelligence for the Ethical Challenges of Big Data 4 THE PROBLEM OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 4 1 The Concept of Discrimination 4 1 1 Race and Ethnicity The Conceptual Framework and its Role Throughout Discrimination 4 1 2 Racial and Ethnic Discrimination from Kantian and Marxist Perspectives 4 1 3 Migration and Immigrants 4 2 How Does Artificial Intelligence Reproduce Racial and Ethnic Discrimination 4 2 1 The Power of Big Data 4 2 2 Interconnected Challenges arising from Big Data Human Bias Superpanopticon Content Relevance and Linking Algorithm and Geopolitical Impact 5 ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGES OF GÖÇMEN AND IMMIGRANT AND THE TEXTS HOSTING THESE IMAGES 5 1 Research Design 5 1 1 Clustering and Classification Machine Learning Analysis 5 1 2 Social Semiotics Analysis and Four Step Photo Reading 5 1 3 Van Dijk s Socio Cognitive Critical Discourse Analysis 5 2 Methodology 6 FINDINGS 7 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION REFERENCES APPENDIX