Introduction to Law
Adalet Yayınevi
TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ϱ ABOUT THE AUTHOR ϲ ABOUT THE BOOK ϳ TABLE OF CONTENTS ϵ BOOK PLAN ϭϳ A NOTE FOR THE STUDENTS OF THE FACULTIES OF POLITICAL SCIENCES HOW TO USE THIS BOOK CHAPTER 1 ϭ SOCIAL ORDER RULES Ϯϳ ϭ ϭ HUMAN AND SOCIETY Ϯϳ ϭ Ϯ SOCIETY AND ORDER Ϯϳ ϭ ϯ SOCIAL ORDER RULES Ϯϴ ϭ ϯ ϭ Religious Rules Ϯϴ ϭ ϯ Ϯ TƌaditioŶal Rules Ϯϵ ϭ ϯ ϯ Moƌal Rules EthiĐsͿ ϯϬ ϭ ϯ ϰ Laǁ Legal RulesͿ ϯϬ ϭ ϰ THE SIMILARITIES AMONG SOCIAL ORDER RULES ϯϭ ϭ ϱ THE DIFFERENCES AMONG SOCIAL ORDER RULES ϯϭ ϭ ϲ THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG SOCIAL ORDER RULES ϯϮ ϭ ϲ ϭ The ƌelatioŶship ďetǁeeŶ laǁ aŶd ƌeligious ƌules ϯϯ ϭ ϲ Ϯ The ƌelatioŶship ďetǁeeŶ laǁ aŶd ŵoƌal ƌules ϯϯ ϭ ϲ ϯ The ƌelatioŶship ďetǁeeŶ laǁ aŶd ĐustoŵaƌLJ ƌules ϯϰ Ϯ DEFINITION OF LAW ϯϱ Ϯ ϭ THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF LAW ϯϲ Ϯ Ϯ MAIN TYPES OF LEGAL SANCTIONS ϯϲ Ϯ ϯ CHARACTERISTICS OF LEGAL RULES ϯϳ ϯ SOURCES OF LAW ϯϴ ϯ ϭ CONSTITUTION ϰϬ ϯ Ϯ LAWS ACTS CODES AND STATUTESͿ ϰϬ ϭϬ ϯ ϯ INTERNATIONAL TREATIESϰϬ ϯ ϰ STATUTORY DECREES DECREES HAVING THE EFFECT OF LAWͿ ϰϬ ϯ ϱ REGULATIONS ϰϬ ϯ ϲ BY LAWSϰϬ ϯ ϳ OTHER DELEGATED LEGISLATION SUBORDINATE LEGISLATIONͿ ϰϭ ϯ ϴ DOCTRINEϰϭ ϯ ϵ CASE LAWϰϮ ϯ ϭϬ HIERARCHY OF LAW ϰϮ CHAPTER 2 Ϯ LEGAL SYSTEMS ϱϭ Ϯ ϭ ANGLO SAXON LAW SYSTEM COMMON LAW CASE LAWͿ ϱϮ Ϯ Ϯ CIVIL LAW SYSTEM CONTINENTAL EUROPEAN LAW ROMAN LAWͿ ϱϱ Ϯ ϯ RELIGIOUS LAW SYSTEM ϱϳ ϯ SEVERAL CONCEPTS ϲϲ ϯ ϭ LAW JUSTICEϲϲ ϯ Ϯ LEGAL POSITIVISM NATURAL LAW ϲϲ ϯ ϯ DOMESTIC LAW INTERNATIONAL LAW ϲϳ ϯ ϯ ϭ RelatioŶship ďetǁeeŶ NatioŶal aŶd IŶteƌŶatioŶal Laǁ ϲϴ ϯ ϰ SUBSTANTIVE LAW PROCEDURAL LAW ϲϵ CHAPTER 3 ϭ APPLICATION OF LEGAL RULES ϳϲ ϭ ϭ ASCERTAINING THE APPLICABLE RULESϳϲ ϭ Ϯ DETERMINING THE FACTS ϳϳ ϭ ϯ THE THIRD STAGE IS TO APPLY THE RELEVANT PROVISIONS OF RULE ϳϴ ϭ ϯ ϭ SLJllogisŵϳϴ ϭ ϯ Ϯ AƌguŵeŶtuŵ a CoŶtƌaƌio ϳϵ ϭ ϯ ϯ AŶalogLJϴϬ Ϯ BURDEN OF PROOF ϴϬ Ϯ ϭ BURDEN OF PROOF IN CRIMINAL CASESϴϭ Ϯ Ϯ BURDEN OF PROOF IN CIVIL CASES ϴϭ ϯ PRESUMPTIONS ϴϯ ϯ ϭ STATUTORY PRESUMPTION ϴϯ ϯ Ϯ REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION ϴϯ ϯ ϯ IRREBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION ϴϱ ϭϭ ϰ INTERPRETATION OF LEGAL RULESϴϱ ϰ ϭ TEXTUAL INTERPRETATION ϴϲ ϰ Ϯ HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION ϴϳ ϰ ϯ LOGICAL INTERPRETATION ϴϴ ϰ ϰ TELEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION ϴϴ ϰ ϱ UNRESTRICTED FREEͿ INTERPRETATION ϴϴ CHAPTER 4 ϭ CORPUS IURIS CIVILIS ϵϯ Ϯ CRITERIA FOR THE DIVISION OF PUBLIC PRIVATE LAW ϵϱ Ϯ ϭ INTEREST CRITERION ϵϲ Ϯ Ϯ FREE WILL CRITERION ϵϲ Ϯ ϯ SOVEREIGNTY CRITERION ϵϳ Ϯ ϰ EQUALITY CRITERION ϵϳ CHAPTER 5 ϭ DEFINITION OF CONSTITUTION ϭϬϯ ϭ ϭ NEED FOR A CONSTITUTION ϭϬϯ ϭ Ϯ CONTENTS OF THE CONSTITUTION ϭϬϰ ϭ Ϯ ϭ OƌgaŶizatioŶ aŶd Foƌŵ of AdŵiŶistƌatioŶ of the State ϭϬϰ ϭ Ϯ Ϯ FuŶĐtioŶs of DiffeƌeŶt OƌgaŶs of the GoǀeƌŶŵeŶt ϭϬϱ ϭ Ϯ ϯ FuŶdaŵeŶtal Rights aŶd Fƌeedoŵs ϭϬϱ ϭ ϯ ESSENTIALS OR REQUISITES OF A GOOD CONSTITUTION ϭϬϳ Ϯ CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTITUTIONS ϭϬϴ Ϯ ϭ IN TERMS OF CONTENTS OF PROVISIONS ϭϬϵ Ϯ ϭ ϭ TƌaditioŶal UŶǁƌitteŶͿ CoŶstitutioŶs ϭϬϵ Ϯ ϭ Ϯ ϭ Meƌits of aŶ UŶǁƌitteŶ CoŶstitutioŶ ϭϬϵ Ϯ ϭ Ϯ Ϯ Deŵeƌits of aŶ UŶǁƌitteŶ CoŶstitutioŶ ϭϭϬ Ϯ ϭ Ϯ WƌitteŶ CoŶstitutioŶ ϭϭϬ Ϯ ϭ Ϯ ϭ Meƌits of a WƌitteŶ CoŶstitutioŶ ϭϭϬ Ϯ ϭ Ϯ Ϯ Deŵeƌits of a WƌitteŶ CoŶstitutioŶ ϭϭϭ Ϯ Ϯ IN TERMS OF PROCEDURE OF LEGISLATION ϭϭϭ Ϯ Ϯ ϭ Fledžiďle SoftͿ CoŶstitutioŶs ϭϭϮ Ϯ Ϯ ϭ ϭ Meƌits of a Fledžiďle SoftͿ CoŶstitutioŶs ϭϭϮ Ϯ Ϯ ϭ Ϯ Deŵeƌits of a Fledžiďle SoftͿ CoŶstitutioŶ ϭϭϯ Ϯ Ϯ ϭ IŶfledžiďle RigidͿ CoŶstitutioŶ ϭϭϯ Ϯ Ϯ ϭ ϭ Meƌists of aŶ IŶfledžiďle RigidͿ CoŶstitutioŶ ϭϭϯ Ϯ Ϯ ϭ Ϯ Deeƌists of aŶ IŶfledžiďle RigidͿ CoŶstitutioŶ ϭϭϰ ϭϮ Ϯ ϯ IN TERMS OF METHOD OF LEGISLATION ϭϭϰ Ϯ ϯ ϭ Regulatoƌ CoŶstitutioŶs ϭϭϰ Ϯ ϯ Ϯ Fƌaŵe CoŶstitutioŶs ϭϭϰ ϯ CONSTITUTIONALISIM ϭϭϱ ϯ ϭ HISTORY OF CONSTITUTIONALISM ϭϭϱ ϯ Ϯ CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF TURKEY ϭϭϳ CHAPTER 6 ϭ THE CONCEPT OF ADMINISTRATIONϭϮϳ ϭ ϭ DIVISION OF PUBLIC PRIVATE ADMINISTRATION ϭϮϴ ϭ ϭ ϭ The DiffeƌeŶĐes iŶ Teƌŵs of EstaďlishŵeŶt ϭϮϵ ϭ ϭ Ϯ The DiffeƌeŶĐes iŶ Teƌŵs of
