The Armenian Question — Mim Kemal ÖKE

PREFACE ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION THE THEORETICAL APPROACH I The Area of International Relations Problems of Terminology and Mode of Approach II The Theory of Political Realism a The Means of Foreign Policy Available to the State b The Goals of the State in Foreign Policy III The Moralist School and its Critique IV The Balance of Power System V An Example of Transnational Powers and of Their Influence in the International Political System the Armenian Question CHAPTER ONE The International Environment in which the Armenian Question Arose I Universal Nationalism and the Balance of Power System in Europe II The Great Powers in the l9th and 20th Centuries and their Expansionist Policies in the Middle East III The Great Powers and their Methods of Colonizing the Ottoman State a Military Methods Partitioning and Occupation b Economic Methods c The Capitutations as a Means of Exerting International Political Pressure IV The Situation of the Minorities in the Ottoman Empire the Millet System V The Protectorate System and the Rise of Separatist Movements VI The Ottomans and Their Efforts to Preserve the Unity of the Country Ideas and Practices VII Western Reactions to and Expections from the Ottoman Reform CHAPTER TWO The Anatomy of the Armenian Question 1877 1917 I The Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in Light of the Theories of Nation and Nationalism II Factors that Contributed to the Rise of Armenian Nationalism III The Organization of the Armenian Separatist Movement the Revolutionary Committees and their Methods of Struggle IV The Transformation of the Armenian Cause into an International Issue Interventions and Reforms V The The War Goals of the Allies Secret Treaties and the Armenians VI The Place of Separatist Movements in England s Propaganda System VII The Contribution of the Arab Zionist and Armenian Movements to the War Effort of the Allies VIII The Activities of the Armenian Organizations During the First World War CHAPTER THREE The Solution of the Armenian Question 1917 1918 I The Road Leading to the Decision of Relocation and its 1915 Implementation II The Developments in Caucasia Following the 1917 Russian Revolution and International Struggles III The Ottomans take the Initiative in the Caucasus and the International Reaction to the Order they Establish IV The beginning of the 1919 Peace Talks and the Armenian Policy of the United States of America V Conflicts Among the Great Powers and the Problem of the Partitioning of Turkey VI The Beginning of the Turkish National Struggle Against the Armenian Invasion of Eastern Anatolia VII The Eastern Policy of the Ankara Government and the Eastern Front VII The Western Policy of the Ankara Government and the Southern Front IX Mustafa Kemal Atatürk s Views Concerning the Minorities in Turkey X The Great Powers and the Closing of the Armenian File at the Lausanne Peace Conference XI The Turkish Armenians Interpretation of and Response to the Armenian Question XII The discussion of the Minorities Problem in Lausanne and an Analysis of the Decisions Taken XIII The Great Powers Efforts in Lausanne to Revive the Protectorate System and Reactions in Turkey to these efforts XIV England s Plans for the Future and her Political Investments Concerning the Mosul Problem CONCLUSION On the Tools of Foreign Politics I Subcultures in the Ottoman Empire Socialization and Political Participation II An Analysis of the Designs over Turkey within the Framework of the Place of Supranational Powers in World Politics III Facts Regarding Self Determination Human Rights and the Minorities Régime in the 20th century IV The Truth About the Armenian events that Occurred in the Ottoman Empire and in the Republic of Turkey V Can the New Inter State Political System Provide a Solution BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX