The Relation Between EU Competition Policy and Consumers in Online Multi Sided Platform Market An Analysis Based on Consumer Welfare Standard
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The Relation Between EU Competition Policy and Consumers in Online Multi Sided Platform Market An Analysis Based on Consumer Welfare Standard Dr Erman EKİNGEN Table of Contents Abstract v Acknowledgements vi Table of Contents vii Table of Figures xiii Table of Legislation xv Table of Cases xix The List of Abbreviations xxiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK 1 1 The Issue 1 1 2 Research Questions 4 1 3 Structure of the Book 5 1 4 Research Methodology 7 1 4 1 Doctrinal Legal Research Methodology 8 1 4 1 2 The Concept of Consumer Welfare 10 CHAPTER 2 THE APPEARANCE OF THE ONLINE MULTI SIDED PLATFORM MARKETS IN EU COMPETITION LAW 2 1 Current Status of the Digital Markets in EU Competition Law and Their General Features 18 2 2 Online Multi Sided Platforms in General 24 2 2 1 Detailed Points on Online Multi Sided Platforms 30 2 2 1 1 Differences Between Online Multi Sided Platforms and Retailers 30 2 2 1 2 Difference Between Business to Business and Business to Consumer Relations in terms of Online Multi Sided Platforms 33 viii 2 2 2 Importance of Consumers in Online Multi Sided Platforms 34 2 3 Main Features of Online Multi Sided Platform Relationships 37 2 3 1 Existence of More Than One Customer Group with Different Demand Structures 38 2 3 2 Existence of Indirect Networks Effects 38 2 3 3 Existence of a Platform That Creates Inter Group Relationships 40 2 3 4 Existence of Downstream Actors Oriented Consumer Concept 40 2 4 Different Types of Online Multi Sided Platforms 51 2 4 1 Consumer Transaction Platforms 54 2 4 2 Consumer Info Platforms 56 2 5 Reasons to Evaluate Online Multi Sided Platform Markets Differently 59 2 5 1 Market Definition 59 2 5 2 Market Power 60 2 5 3 Chicken Egg Problem 62 2 5 4 Cartel Activities 62 2 5 5 Pricing Strategies and Price Discrimination 63 2 5 6 Externalities and Skewed Pricing 64 2 6 Conclusion 67 CHAPTER 3 GEO BLOCKING IN EU COMPETITION LAW 3 1 Geo Blocking in General 72 3 1 1 Methods of Geo Blocking
